Learning Resources

Abstract: Book Review: Planning in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action by John Friedmann, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Abstract: Creating a pedestrian-oriented campus and accommodating parking needs involves the reduction of traffic flow through the campus. The space necessary for university parking lots and streets consumes "a percentage of premium interior space." Long- range planning is essential to develop a perimeter circulation pattern that joins parking lots on the edge of campus and initiates a shuttle bus system. The campus master plan at Eastern Michigan University has a goal of developing a pedestrian-oriented campus. To accomplish this, EMU--with the help of consultants-- contructed a 1,000-car parking lot and shuttle bus system. Security was a primary concern; a six-foot fence on three sides was built to keep people from entering the area, lighting was provided, two bus shelters were added next to busy thoroughfare, a television camera was installed, and a campus emergency telephone was installed. No report of assault or vandalism has occured since implementation of the project. Furthermore, aesthetic appeal was a primary concern. This was combined with "security considerations . . . to facilitate the intended function of a particular area." Multiple use of the parking area added to its success. Along with its use as a shuttle bus parking facility, the satellite parking lot is used for football tailgating, football games and other athletic events, and on-site university events. Finally, the parking area was promoted as a safe, aesthetically pleasing option to attract faculty, staff, and students. Effective planning resulted in the development of a pedestrian-oriented campus where traffic and parking problems had diminished.

Abstract: In the late 1980s, the University of California, Santa Cruz began a $1.5 million program to upgrade classroom quality. This was disturbing considering the campus was only 25 years old. The problem was neither architectural neglect nor budgetary deficits. Quality problems resulted from the attitude that classroom design was not an important element. Many design flaws occur from misunderstanding the factors that affect user need, such as the ability to see or hear (the reduction of ambient noise). Additionally, required surfaces and finishes are important. These include the sending end--front wall, side walls, and ceiling; side walls and rear wall; ceiling; and floor/seating. Finally, design for durability and functionality under actual use conditions consists of the following: the use of carpet for acoustically absorbent wall finish, installation of motorized blackboards and the projection screen, a seat width of 21 inches, and quiet table arms for seats. Colleges and universities must realize that "effective classroom design" elicits attention to detail and an understanding of functional objectives. Adherence to both can lead to effective classrooms.

Abstract: Book review: In Pursuit of Equality in Higher Education, by Anne S. Pruitt. New York: General Hall, Inc., 1987.

Abstract: Book Review: Key Resources on Higher Education Governance, Management, and Leadership, by Marvin W. Peterson, Editor; LIsa A. Mets, Assistant Editor. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc., Publishers, 1987.

Abstract: Book Review: New Priorities for the University, by Enest A. Lynton and Sandra E. Elman. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc., Publishers, 1987.

Abstract: There has always been a demand for land surrounding the campus. Business people have been drawn to these areas, seeking to make a profit from the provision of goods and services to students. As financial support from federal and state sources decreases, today's colleges and universities are beginning to look beyond traditional sources of funding. Development of real estate holdings near campus is a means of generating an income and providing long-range financing of operations. Private institutions have known the advantage of acquiring and selling real estate. Cornell, Stanford, Harvard, George Washington, and Princeton Universities have been at the forefront of land development to fiance higher education. On the other hand, public universities have traditionally received monetary support from state tax dollars and tuition. However, universities must look to alternative investment, including stocks, bonds, and real estate holdings. The University of Virginia looked to real estate development as a source of income and long-range fiscal policy. It employed the Washington-based consulting firm Urban Land Institute (ULI) for advice. ULI required the institution to develop a community profile study (land use, population, and employment). The university, incorporating ULI's recommendations, instituted a successful real estate program to acquire property beyond the campus confines. Cooperative land use planning with the city and county and the university's promise to keep procured property on the tax rolls have made this venture a success. Its concern for the community, foresight to invest in off-campus property, and quest for better economic opportunities will be of interest and profit to other institutions.